Dry and cool mid-Miocene climates also coincide with the divergence between Ctenoplectra bequaerti from West Africa, and Ctenoplectra terminalis from East Africa and Southern Africa, perhaps related to fragmentation of the equatorial African rainforest belt.
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Hubbard published a long series of scientific articles, chiefly on the grasses of Europe and tropical Africa, but also covering the grasses of the West Indies, Mauritius, Malaya and Fiji.
Found from tropical Africa south to the Transvaal, Swaziland and Natal, often in large communities on sandy soil and along stream beds.
This fly is said to be the most common cause of human or animal myiasis in tropical Africa, from Senegal to Natal.
Desert-rose or Adenium, a flowering plant in tropical Africa and Arabia
Robertson made several contributions in the field of ophthalmology; in 1863 he researched the effects on the eye made by physostigmine, an extract from the Calabar bean (Physostigma venenosum), which is found in tropical Africa.
Erythrophleum africanum, a legume species found in Savannahs of tropical Africa
Papilio ophidicephalus, endemic to tropical Africa, parts of the East African coast, and the Cape region
Robert Bates, in his 1981 book Markets and States in Tropical Africa, uses the KNFU as an example of how large-scale farmers in 1976, who were disproportionately represented in the KNFU, had considerable clout in increasing prices paid by government marketing boards.
Friedrich Wilhelm Niepelt's collection of exotic butterflies (South America, Sunda Archipelago and tropical Africa)
This is an insectivorous species which is a resident breeder in tropical Africa from Senegal to Ethiopia and south to Zaire and Tanzania.
In 1954, John Hutchinson and John McEwen Dalziel followed Brenan's treatment in the second edition of their Flora of West Tropical Africa.
Colotis evagore, a species of Colotis endemic to tropical Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Spain
His principal works are an English edition of Sachs Text-Book of Botany (1875), editions of the Flora Capensis and of the Flora of Tropical Africa, and Index Kewensis (1905).