Another god present at the site is Zeus Epikoos, a mixture of Zeus and the local deity Epikoos.
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As the Romans continued their conquest of the surrounding areas, the Nabataean king saw his state's demise as inevitable, so he ceded his kingdom to the Roman emperor Trajan in AD 106.
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After the Rebellion of Queen Zenobia in 275, Roman countermeasures included the construction of a fort (Tetrarchic castellum) that housed a military garrison.
Umm Kulthum | Umm al-Qura | Umm el-Qa'ab | Umm as Sabaan | Umm al-Quwain | Umm Kulthum (singer) | Umm Dreiga | UMM Alter II | Umm al-Qura University | Umm al Maradim Island | Iry-Hor's tomb at the Umm el-Qa'ab | Hapoel Umm al-Fahm F.C. |
In 1998, a German archaeological team under Günter Dreyer excavating at Abydos (modern Umm el-Qa'ab) uncovered tomb U-j of a Predynastic ruler, and recovered three hundred clay labels inscribed with proto-hieroglyphs, dating to the Naqada IIIA period of the 33rd century BCE.
Iry-Hor's tomb is the oldest tomb of the Abydos necropolis B in the Umm el-Qa'ab.