In the early 1990s the Institute of High Pressure Physics at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw (Poland), under the leadership of Dr. Sylwester Porowski developed technology to create gallium nitride crystals with high structural quality and fewer than 100 defects per square centimeter — at least 10,000 times better than the best sapphire-supported crystal.
A later version of HyperTIES for the Sun workstation was developed using the NeWS window system, with an authoring tool based on UniPress's Gosling Emacs text editor.