On 9 February 1860 (18 January in Japanese calendar), the Kanrin Maru, sailed by Katsu Kaishū (as ship captain), John Manjiro, Fukuzawa Yukichi, altogether 96 Japanese sailors, and the American officer John M. Brooke, left Uraga for San Francisco.
A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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