Utah War, a conflict in 1857–1858 between Latter Day Saints in Utah Territory and the United States federal government
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The Mountain Meadows massacre was caused in part by events relating to the Utah War, an 1858 invasion of the Utah Territory by the United States Army which ended up being peaceful.
Even in 19th century North America, when by the decree of the President of the United States, Brigham Young, the Mormon hierarch and head of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was appointed first Governor of the Utah Territory on 28 September 1851, this was called (politically, not in law) establishing a semi-theocratic (theodemocratic) form of government there (until the Utah War) as an imperium in imperio, within the limits of the republic.
He then served in Missouri and Louisiana, took part in the Seminole Wars of 1849-50, and served on frontier duty in Kansas, Native American Territory, Arkansas and Dakota until he marched with Albert Sidney Johnston to Utah to take part in the Utah War.
In 1943, he edited work on the diary of Albert Tracy, a soldier in Albert Sidney Johnston's troops during the Utah War and in 1946 he edited a volume on Mormon pioneer Lorenzo Dow Young which contained a biography of Young by James Amasa Little, an edited diary of Lorenzo Dow Young and additional information on the pioneer's extensive family.
In 1858, Captain James H. Simpson, an officer in the Army's Topographical Engineers, was assigned to the reinforcements being sent to Utah Territory as part of the so-called Utah War.
Another flurry of activity accompanied the Utah War in 1857–58, when President James Buchanan ordered an expedition of Federal troops to suppress the Mormons.
A federal judge brought into the territory after the Utah War, Judge John Cradlebaugh, in March 1859 convened a grand jury in Provo, Utah concerning the massacre, but the jury declined any indictments.