The film was based on the story 'And One Did Not Come Back', by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, which is itself based on the heroic life of Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis, played by V. Shantaram in the film.
Vasant Desai (1912–1975) was an Indian film music composer, most remembered for his score in V. Shantaram film, like Do Aankhen Barah Haath (1953), Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje (1955), Vijay Bhatt's Goonj Uthi Shehnai (1959), Sampoorna Ramayan (1961), Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Guddi (1971) and Aashirwaad.
The film marked the debut of V. Shantaram's daughter Rajshree and Jeetendra.
The 1957 Hindi film, Do Aankhen Barah Haath by V.Shantaram was inspired by the story of an 'open-prison' experiment swatantrapur in the princely state of Aundh near Satara, Maharashtra.