In 1198, Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Fakhr, the successor and son of Fakhr al-Din Masud, conquered Balkh, Chaghaniyan, Vakhsh, Jarum, Badakhshan, and Shighnan from the Kara-Khitan Khanate, and was given the title of Sultan by Ghiyas.
The ancient town of Takht-i Sangin is located near the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, the source of the Amu Darya, in southern Tajikistan.