The molecules may form a supramolecular structure held together by non-covalent forces, such as Van der Waals force, π-π, and CH-π bonds.
Extensive hydrogen bonding exists within the layer but between layers the only interactions are Van der Waals forces.
The pulvilli functions as an adhesive system, with their adhesion coming from two physical components: partly the adhesion caused by Van der Waals force, and partly due to an adhesive fluid secreted from the extremities onto numerous surfaces.
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