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Willie Hamilton had previously represented the area, which has elected Labour MPs since Hamilton won West Fife from the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1950.
However he was successful in being returned as Liberal MP for West Fife in succession to Augustine Birrell in the Khaki election of 1900
The Independent Labour Party stood separately from Labour for the first time since 1895, while the Scottish National Party contested their first election, and the Communist Party gained their first parliamentary seat in almost ten years, West Fife.
Lochgelly, as part of the old parliamentary constituency of West Fife, was known as "Little Moscow" up to the 1950s owing to its Communist political leanings.
Gallacher lost his West Fife seat to Labour at the 1950 General Election coming third behind the National Liberal candidate, but remained in politics and served as President of the CPGB from 1956 to 1963.