It should be pointed out that while this kind of Q-ball is stable against decay into scalars, it is not stable against decay into fermions if the scalar field has nonzero Yukawa couplings to some fermions.
It uses a scalar field of infinite length scale (i.e. long-ranged), so, in the language of Yukawa's theory of nuclear physics, this scalar field is a massless field.
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JBD-type theories with short-ranged scalar fields use, according to Yukawa's theory, massive scalar fields.
Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981), FRSE (湯川 秀樹, Yukawa Hideki?, 23 January 1907 – 8 September 1981) né Ogawa (小川?), was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese Nobel laureate
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Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, a research institute in the field of theoretical physics, attached to Kyoto University in Japan
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Yukawa Station, a train station in Nachikatsuura, Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan
Hideki Yukawa | Yukawa | Manabu Yukawa | Yukawa Station | Yukawa potential | Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics | Diana Yukawa |
Yukawa was born in Tokyo, Japan to English ballet dancer Susanne Bayly and Japanese banker Akihisa Yukawa one month after her father died in the 1985 Japan Airlines Flight 123 disaster.
He was born in a famous acupuncturist family known as "Kiyamachi no Hari" in Kyoto Japan who succeeds Osuga-ryu, predecessors include Kiku (19th century), Naojiro who treated emperer’s relative Kunino miya ke (久邇宮家) and Prime minister Saion-ji (西園寺) and renowned professors of Kyoto University, including Dr Ogawa(小川), father of the first Japanese Nobel laureate Dr Yukawa（湯川）, were among them.