Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Eschwege (9 May 1617 in Kassel – 24 September 1655 in Costian near Poznan) was from 1632 until his death Landgrave of the apanage of Hesse-Eschwege, which stood under the suzerainty of Hesse-Kassel.
In 1692, the Palais-Royal was incorporated into the apanage in contempt of a clause in the will of cardinal Richelieu which bequeathed it for the king's use