In benthic marine areas with strong methane releases from fossil reservoirs (e.g. at cold seeps, mud volcanoes or gas hydrate deposits) AOM can be so high that chemosynthetic organisms like filamentous sulfur bacteria (see Beggiatoa) or animals (clams, tube worms) with symbiont sulfide-oxidizing bacteria can thrive on the large amounts of hydrogen sulfide that are produced during AOM.
The diet of the freshwater drum is generally benthic and composed of macroinvertebrates (mainly aquatic insect larvae and bivalve mussels), as well as small fish in certain ecosystems.
Benthic species of importance are Pilumnus inermis, previously considered and which is exclusively Atlantic; Errina aspera (Hydrozoa), a famous endemic species of the Strait of Messina, on which lives a parasitic sea snail (Pedicularia sicula); found between 80 and 110 m.
The Mesozoic Marine Revolution (MMR) is a term used to describe the rapid adaption to shell-crushing (durophagous) and boring predation in benthic organisms throughout the Mesozoic era, first coined by Geerat J. Vermeij (who based his work on Steven M. Stanley’s).
It encompasses over one hundred small, mangrove-fringed cayes, benthic habitats comprising soft-bottom seagrass beds and fringing reefs.
They are able to sustain populations of Sheephead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus), Mummichogs, (Fundulus heteroclitus), and other species of small fish which may become trapped in the pools and benthic species of vegetation.
Energy moves from the top to the bottom according to Vinogradov's ladder of migrations; that is, some species are benthic and others pelagic, but there are graded marine layers within which species move vertically for short distances.
This unique animal is currently believed to represent a "transitional organism", with physical and behavioral characteristics of both benthic (seabed-dwelling) and pelagic (free-swimming) organisms.
Ulva acanthophora is a species of benthic subtropical seaweed in Ulvaceae family that can be found in Baja, California and Mexico.