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Canoes were made of birch bark, sewed with spruce roots and rendered waterproof by the application of heated spruce resin and bear grease.
On July 26, 1951, during excavations in Novgorod, a Soviet expedition led by Artemiy Artsikhovsky found the first Russian birch bark writing in a layer dated to c.
The Bower Manuscript is one of the oldest Sanskrit texts on birch bark using Brāhmī script.
Finnish packaging still prints birch bark-like texture on the carton boxes.
The pit was then stacked with carefully arranged layers of birch bark, above an insulating and filtering layer of linden husks.