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After Italian Unification and the Capture of Rome, the town was part of the Kingdom of Italy, a constitutional monarchy ruled from Rome by the House of Savoy.
In 1870 after the French troops defending Rome were recalled because of the Franco-Prussian War, Victor Emmanuel seized the city in September, making it the capital of a new united Italy after its capture on September 20.
Operations carried out included: the long stalemate on the Gustav Line with the hardfought Battle of Monte Cassino; the Anzio landings; the capture of Rome; and ending with the Allied forces stuck again just south of the Po valley.