Formerly known as Naval Cryptologic Officers, there are over 800 Navy Information Warfare officers, who perform Naval Information Operations functions as directed by the Chief of Naval Operations afloat and ashore, and National Signals Intelligence tasks assigned by the Director, National Security Agency at NSA facilities ashore.
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He is a co-inventor of the RSA algorithm (along with Ron Rivest and Len Adleman), a co-inventor of the Feige–Fiat–Shamir identification scheme (along with Uriel Feige and Amos Fiat), one of the inventors of differential cryptanalysis and has made numerous contributions to the fields of cryptography and computer science.
While in the military he was involved in cryptography and intelligence operations, finally becoming the second in command at Bletchley Park, and the highest ranking American officer there.
During the War, Arlington Hall was in many respects similar to Bletchley Park in England, only one of two primary cryptography operations in Washington (the other was the Naval Communications Annex, also housed in a commandeered private girls' school).
His subsequent work with John Rarity and Paul Tapster, from the Defence Research Agency (DRA) in Malvern, resulted in the proof-of-principle experimental quantum key distribution, introducing parametric down-conversion, phase encoding and quantum interferometry into the repertoire of cryptography.
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For his discovery of quantum cryptography he was awarded the 1995 Maxwell Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics and the 2007 Hughes Medal by the Royal Society.
At its zenith in the early 1980s, when it opened R&D centers in Mountain View, and later in Research Triangle Park and Richardson, Texas, BNR's notable American employees included Whitfield Diffie, a noted authority on cryptography, and Bob Gaskins, who invented PowerPoint at BNR, using new bit-mapped displays to make presentations to management.
It was introduced in 2007 by Jens-Matthias Bohli, Jörn Müller-Quade, and Stefan Röhrich at the Institute of Cryptography and Security (IKS) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
Brute Force (2005, Copernicus Books) is a book by Matt Curtin about cryptography.
In cryptography, concrete security or exact security is a practice-oriented approach that aims to give more precise estimates of the computational complexities of adversarial tasks than polynomial equivalence would allow.
CTaoCrypt Provides RSA, DSS, Diffie–Hellman, EDH, NTRU, DES, Triple DES, AES (CBC, CTR, CCM, GCM), Camellia, ARC4, HC-128, MD2, MD4, MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, BLAKE2, RIPEMD-160, Random Number Generation, Large Integer support, and base 16/64 encoding/decoding.
David Lee Chaum (born 1955) is the inventor of many cryptographic protocols, as well as ecash and DigiCash.
For DES and Triple DES, about 200 single-flipped bits are necessary to obtain a secret key.
The Diffie–Hellman problem (DHP) is a mathematical problem first proposed by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in the context of cryptography.
Edouard Fleissner von Wostrowitz (1825–1888), also spelt Fleißner, is remembered as the author of a short book on cryptography and as the proponent of a modified Cardan grille known as a turning grille.
Edward M. Scheidt (born 1939) is a retired Chairman of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Cryptographic Center and the designer of the cryptographic systems used in the Kryptos sculpture at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia.
ElGamal encryption, an asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography
Elonka Dunin (b. 1958), American game developer and author of books and articles on cryptography
The ThreeBallot voting protocol, invented by Ron Rivest, was designed to provide some of the benefits of a cryptographic voting system without using cryptography.
From 1940 to 1945, she worked in the cryptography service (with Helmut Grunsky) as part of the war effort.
After leaving Ernst & Young, he lived abroad as a contractor in the security and intelligence community, where he further specialised in cryptography, social network analysis, A5/1/OTA and mobile security.
However, it was the work of David Chaum that excited the cryptography community about the potential of encrypted messages as actual financial instruments.
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.
Time-stamp services produce time-stamp tokens, which are data structures containing a verifiable cryptographic binding between a data item's representation and a time-value.
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ISO/IEC 18014-3:2004 describes time-stamping services producing linked tokens, that is, tokens that are cryptographically bound to other tokens produced by these time-stamping services.
Lt. Col. Jan Kowalewski (23 October 1892 – 31 October 1965) was a Polish cryptologist, intelligence officer, engineer, journalist, military commander, and creator and first head of the Polish Cipher Bureau.
This enthusiasm led him to MIT where he majored in computer science and conducted research in cryptography under professor Ronald L. Rivest (the "R" of RSA), taking a bachelor's degree in computer science in 1986, and then on to Columbia University, taking a master's degree, also in computer science, in 1995.
An active evangelist of Free Software and Creative Commons, he is an expert on Application security and cryptography.
The leftover hash lemma is a lemma in cryptography first stated by Russell Impagliazzo, Leonid Levin, and Michael Luby.
Security experts criticized LinkedIn for not salting their password file, and instead using a single iteration of SHA-1.
Stefan Lucks, a researcher in the fields of communications security and cryptography.
Franklin is particularly known for the Boneh–Franklin scheme, a cryptography scheme he developed with Dan Boneh that uses the mathematics of elliptic curves to automatically generate public and private key pairs based on the identities of the communicating parties.
Windows Vista features an update to the Crypto API known as Cryptography API: Next Generation (CNG).
The following is an example in pseudocode based on Applied Cryptography by Bruce Schneier.
Alan Turing, better known for his work in wartime cryptography and the theory of computing, wrote a paper, The chemical basis of morphogenesis, correctly predicting a chemical mechanism for pattern formation.
Ralph Merkle - Developed earliest public key cryptography system with Diffie and Hellman
Quantum cryptography was proposed first by Stephen Wiesner, then at Columbia University in New York, who, in the early 1970s, introduced the concept of quantum conjugate coding.
In the book entitled Applied Cryptography, security expert Bruce Schneier states of NCSC-TG-021 that he "can't even begin to describe the color of the cover" and that some of the books in this series have "hideously colored covers."
Residual block termination, a method for dealing with a final, undersized data block in cryptography
This interest led to attending several conferences (Financial Cryptography 98, various MIT presentations), participating on mailing lists such as "cypherpunks" and "dbs", and eventually implementing patented Chaumian digital cash in an underground library, HINDE, with Ian Goldberg, named after Hinde ten Berge, a Dutch cypherpunk also present at FC98.
The takeover of the Navy by coup leaders failed mainly because the messages calling for a rebellion against the Spanish Republic were not sent in code —as would have been the norm— from Ciudad Lineal to the senior officers commanding the ships.
The Texas Instruments signing key controversy refers to the controversy which resulted from Texas Instruments' (TI) response to a project to factorize the 512-bit RSA cryptographic keys needed to write custom firmware to TI devices.
In 2012 Cory Doctorow characterized CryptoParties as being "like Tupperware parties for learning crypto," i.e. practical cryptography.
Victor S. Miller (born 1947), independent co-creator of elliptic curve cryptography
The Christian Post writer Josephine Vivaldo said films on Family Movie Night on NBC/FOX often include values and moral lessons, but that Who Is Simon Miller? "proved that they can also make it about car chasings, multiple identities, cryptography, secret agents and action-packed entertainment minus the severe violence".
About 1982 he met James Massey, who was visiting the university to give lectures in cryptography.