Sicily was temporarily dominated by Arabic peoples (Emirate of Sicily), who influenced many foods iconic to Sicilian cuisine.
The annihilation of Islam in Sicily was completed by the late 1240s, when the final deportations to Lucera took place.
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Rather than exterminate the Muslims, In 1223, Frederick II and the Christians began the first deportations of Muslims to Lucera in Apulia.
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The House of Hohenstaufen and their successors (Capetian House of Anjou and Aragonese House of Barcelona) gradually "Latinized" Sicily over the course of two centuries, and this social process laid the groundwork for the introduction of Catholicism (as opposed to Eastern Orthodoxy).
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It was originally constructed in 1078-1093, on the ruins of the ancient Roman Achillean Baths, by order of Roger I of Sicily, who had conquered the city from the Islamic emirate of Sicily.