Cross-presentation has been shown to play a role in the immune defense against many viruses (herpesvirus, influenzavirus, CMV, EBV, SIV, papillomavirus, and others), bacteria (listeria, salmonella, E. coli, M. tuberculosis, and others) and tumors (brain, pancreas, melanoma, leukemia, and others).
Equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9) is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that isolated from a case of epizootic encephalitis in a herd of Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni) in 1993.