In industry the Aldox process developed by Royal Dutch Shell and Exxon, converts propylene and syngas directly to 2-Ethylhexanol via hydroformylation to butyraldehyde, aldol condensation to 2-ethylhexenal and finally hydrogenation.
The heats of hydrogenation (ΔhydH) were obtained by computational MP2 quantum chemistry method.
Palladium on carbon hydrogenation removed the benzyl protecting group allowing the Swern oxidation of 2.10 to ketone 2.11
Common ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation include DIOP, DIPAMP, BPPFOH, BPPM, and other