Egas Moniz (29 November 1874 – 13 December 1955), surgeon, politician and Nobel Prize recipient (along with Walter Rudolf Hess) for the development of leucotomy.
Transorbital leucotomy (transorbital lobotomy in the US) was a technique invented by Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti and taken up by American neurologist Walter Freeman, with whose name it is particularly associated.