X-Nico

unusual facts about ligands



Alanna Schepartz

Her research has contributed to three different areas of chemical biology: protein-DNA recognition and transcriptional activation; the development of miniature proteins that bind specifically and with high affinity to protein and DNA; and the development of β-peptides as protein ligands and as building blocks of protein-like architectures.

Aptamer

While the process of artificial engineering of nucleic acid ligands is highly interesting to biology and biotechnology, the notion of aptamers in the natural world had yet to be uncovered until 2002 when two groups led by Ronald Breaker and Evgeny Nudler discovered a nucleic acid-based genetic regulatory element (which was named riboswitch) that possesses similar molecular recognition properties to the artificially made aptamers.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

The first ligands to be discovered were synthetic and members of the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzanthracenes and benzoflavones).

Bengt Nordén

He has developed novel DNA-binding ligands, such as bis-intercalating compounds and peptide nucleic acids (PNA), and demonstrated DNA-ligand reorganisations between groove-binding and intercalation binding geometries involving extreme activation energies and recognition due to kinetic (in contrast to thermodynamic) selection.

CC chemokine receptors

This receptor has several CC chemokine ligands including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14 and CCL16.

Cis effect

In inorganic chemistry, the cis effect is defined as the labilization (making unstable) of CO ligands that are cis to other ligands.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist

Several antagonists for this receptor have been developed and are widely used in research, with the best-known agents being the selective CRF-1 antagonist antalarmin and a newer drug pexacerfont, although several other ligands for this receptor are used in research, such as LWH-234, CP-154,526, NBI-27914 and R-121,919.

Cryptide

Cryptand, a family of synthetic bi- and polycyclic multidentate ligands for a variety of cations

FGF and mesoderm formation

Activation of FGF by two ligands that function together, FGF4 and FGF8 (17) in Xenopus and FGF8 and FGF24 in zebrafish (18), is necessary for mesoderm formation.

Macromolecular complex

Coordination complex, also called macromolecular metal complex, is a complex of atom or usually metallic ion and a surrounding array of bound molecules or anions, which are known as ligands.

NAMI-A

Ruthenium is unknown to living systems, with a strong complex forming ability with numerous ligands.

Odor

Crabtree, in 1978, had previously suggested that Cu(I) is "the most likely candidate for a metallo-receptor site in olfaction" for strong-smelling volatiles which are also good metal-coordinating ligands, such as thiols.

Pascal's constants

Groups with extended pi-delocalization have larger diamagnetic corrections compared to related saturated ligands.

Peter Bruce

Since the discovery of crown ethers and cryptands by Pederson, Cram and Lehn (for which they received the Nobel Prize in 1987), the significance of molecules containing the repeat units -CH2-CH2-O- as coordinating ligands for metal cations has been recognised.

Phox

Phosphinooxazolines, a class of chiral ligands commonly abbreviated as PHOX

Rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation

Common ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation include DIOP, DIPAMP, BPPFOH, BPPM, and other Secreted frizzled-related protein 1

The Secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) family consists of five secreted glycoproteins in humans (SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3, SFRP4, SFRP5) that act as extracellular signaling ligands.

Spin crossover

X-ray crystallography is used to measure the bond distances between the metal and the ligands, which give insight into the spin state of the complex.


see also