this removal is also believed to prevent them accumulating to the point of reaching neurotoxic.
The basis of this idea is in the observation that MDA and MDMA may not themselves be responsible for their neurotoxicity, as an intracerebroventricular injection (injection directly into the brain itself) does not appear to cause neurotoxicity.
In animal models, ZM-241,385 has been shown to protect against beta amyloid neurotoxicity and therefore may be useful as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.