X-Nico

unusual facts about symmetry breaking


Phase transition

The breaking of symmetries in the laws of physics during the early history of the universe as its temperature cooled.


David DeMille

He is best known for his use of polar diatomic molecules to amplify symmetry-violating effects within the molecules and as a means for manipulating the external properties of the molecules.

Sakurai Prize

2010 Gerald Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, Tom Kibble, Robert Brout, Francois Englert, and Peter Higgs: "For elucidation of the properties of spontaneous symmetry breaking in four-dimensional relativistic gauge theory and of the mechanism for the consistent generation of vector boson masses." See also 1964 PRL symmetry breaking papers, Higgs mechanism, and Higgs boson.

Yang–Mills theory

The idea was set aside until 1960, when the concept of particles acquiring mass through symmetry breaking in massless theories was put forward, initially by Jeffrey Goldstone, Yoichiro Nambu, and Giovanni Jona-Lasinio.


see also

Piers Coleman

The concert has pieces composed by Jaz Coleman, based on themes from physics such as quantum criticality, emergence and symmetry breaking.