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unusual facts about 1860s



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120-pounder Whitworth naval gun

The 120-pounder Whitworth naval gun was designed by Joseph Whitworth during the 1860s.

Abilene Network

The name Abilene was chosen because of the project's resemblance, in ambition and scope, to the railhead in Abilene, Kansas, which in the 1860s represented the frontier of the United States for the nation's railroad infrastructure.

Ashcroft, British Columbia

Ashcroft was founded in the 1860s, during the Cariboo Gold Rush, by two English brothers named Clement Francis Cornwall and Henry Pennant Cornwall, founders of Ashcroft Ranch, who emigrated to Canada from Ashcroft, at Newington Bagpath in Gloucestershire.

Batterson

John Batterson Stetson (1830–1906), U.S. hatter, hat manufacturer; invented of the cowboy hat in the 1860s

Bleak House, Broadstairs

Charles Dickens spent Summer holidays at Fort House in the 1850s and 1860s and it was there in that "airy nest" above the harbour that he wrote perhaps his most meritous work, David Copperfield.

Boulder, Montana

Named for the many large boulders in the vicinity, the town of Boulder Valley was established in the early 1860s as a stagecoach station on the route between Fort Benton and Virginia City.

Boulton's Siding

In the 1860s, established railway companies were replacing their small 2-2-0 and 0-4-0 steam locomotives with larger, more modern machines.

Carnac stones

When James Miln studied the stones in the 1860s, he reported that fewer than 700 of the 3,000 stones were still standing, and subsequent work during the 1930s and 1980s (using bulldozers) rearranged the stones, re-erecting some, to make way for roads or other structures.

Charlotte Riddell

It is known that they moved to live in St John's Lodge between Harringay and West Green in the mid-1860s, moving out in 1873 as the area was being built up.

Christopher Dresser

If his ceramic work from the 1860s onwards (for firms such as Mintons, Wedgwood, Royal Worcester, Watcombe, Linthorpe, Old Hall at Hanley and Ault) is considered, he must be amongst the most influential ceramic designers of any period.

Chromostereopsis

Although Goethe did not propose any scientific reasoning behind his observations, in the late 1860s Bruecke and Donders first suggested that the chromostereoptic effect was due to accommodative awareness, given that ocular optics are not achromatic and red objects require more accommodation to be focused on the retina.

Dunedin Chinese Garden

The city has long had a Chinese population, with many Cantonese people settling in and around Dunedin at the time of the Central Otago Gold Rush in the 1860s, only some 15 years after the city was founded.

Eureka Springs and North Arkansas Railway

Built in 1913, the depot is a repository for dozens of railroadiana items, including props which helped disguise the two Moguls as 1860s 4-4-0 American engines for the filming of scenes from the 1982 television mini-series The Blue and the Gray.

Eyeglass prescription

Although there are many variations of the eye chart, the standard one is the Snellen eye chart, which was developed by Dutch eye doctor Hermann Snellen in the 1860s.

Fire Barn 5

With the success of the Elgin National Watch Company and the Gail Borden Condensing Company, Elgin became a prosperous manufacturing town by the late 1860s.

Frette

There, established another branch of the company, and in the second half of the 1860s, Edmond was able to concentrate production under the roofs of his own factories: in Concorezzo, products for the private individuals; in Sovico, coarse products for the large communities (hotels, the army, boarding-schools).

Fullbore target rifle

Fullbore target rifle (TR) is a distinctively British and Commonwealth of Nations shooting discipline that evolved from Service rifle (SR) shooting in the late 1860s, and is governed in the UK by the rules of the National Rifle Association, UK (NRA).

Galanthus nivalis

G. nivalis 'Atkinsii' — Allen reported to the RHS 1891 Snowdrop Meeting: this is "second to none in size, form, quality and freedom of growth." "James Atkins of Painswick received it from a friend, presumably in the 1860s ... He gave this snowdrop to Canon Ellacombe" of Bitton who widely distributed it.

Harriett Everard

By the mid-1860s, she was also cast in character roles, such as the domineering Queen Greymare in an 1866 adaptation of Offenbach's Barbe-bleue.

History of California wine

In the 1850s and 1860s, Agoston Haraszthy, a Hungarian soldier, merchant and promoter, made several trips to import cuttings from 165 of the greatest European vineyards to California.

Illarion Ivanov-Schitz

He was one of the few architects born in the 1860s who integrated into the Soviet establishment, earning the Order of Lenin for various resort projects and for redesigning the interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace in the 1930s.

Jesmond Dene

The park was first laid out by William George Armstrong and his wife, of Jesmond Dene House, during the 1860s.

John Stuart Yeates

Lilium auratum and Lilium speciosum were first crossed in the 1860s, but then not again until the 1950s by Yeates and Leslie Jury in New Zealand.

Knuthenborg

It was Eggert Knuth (1838-1874) who called upon the English landscape architect Edward Milner to lay out the park in the late 1860s, creating artificial lakes fed by streams running through the estate.

Lesya Ukrainka street, Lutsk

It became very important and prestigious because it was a part of the Kyiv-Brest highway that crossed through the city in the 1860s.

Mässmogge

Candy canes were first introduced by French confectioners at Basel fairs in the 1860s, and sold in the form of thick candy lumps since about 1879.

McCandless

McCanless or McCanles Gang, a possibly fictional outlaw gang in the American West of the early 1860s

Melbourne Harbour Trust

In the 1860s and 70s, agitation for the establishment of a trust on the lines of those on the Thames in London, the Mersey at Liverpool and expeicially that on the Clyde (which was run by Glasgow's leading merchants), came predominantly from the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce.

Meta Brevoort

She made a number of important ascents in the Alps in the 1860s and 1870s, but was thwarted in her two greatest alpine ambitions: to be the first woman to climb the Matterhorn, and the first person to climb the Meije in the Dauphiné.

National Art Gallery of The Bahamas

Completed in the 1860s, its owner Sir William Doyle was Chief Justice of the Bahamas and the first Bahamian to be knighted.

National Guard Militia Museum of New Jersey

Originally planned to cost $15,000, the total cost ran up to quadruple the original estimate by the time it was completed in the late 1860s in Newark by the American Submarine Company.

North Pennsylvania Railroad

The following year, a branch was built from Lansdale to Doylestown and during the 1860s another extension was built to Sellersville, running parallel to Bethlehem Pike.

Northern Branch

Sometime in the 1860s the Northern began running service westward from Sparkill on the Erie's Piermont Branch as far as Monsey, New York.

Official Guide of the Railways

In the post-Civil War era of the late 1860s, as the transcontinental railroad pushed westward across the prairies, the burgeoning growth of railroad passenger traffic created the need for accurate train schedule information.

Olympic Theatre

The staples of the repertoire in the 1850s and 1860s continued to be comedies, many featuring the great actor and comedian Frederick Robson.

Pine Creek, Wisconsin

Early in the 1860s, Kaszubian Polish and Bohemian immigrants living in Winona, Minnesota began buying land across the Mississippi River in Trempealeau County.

Rancho Sespe

Settlers, or squatters as they were also called, began to arrive in the Santa Clara River Valley seeking public lands during the mid to late 1860s, following the American Civil War.

Religious Tract Society

From the 1860s, the Society began publishing novels aimed at women and children, providing a platform for a new generation of women writers, including Rosa Nouchette Carey.

Sally Schneider

Another major influence in Schneider’s life has been a small town called Helvetia in the West Virginia Appalachians, that had been settled by Swiss immigrants in the 1860s.

Shepaug, Litchfield and Northern Railroad

Gail Borden's condensed milk business had started operation in the Burrville section of Torrington in the 1860s.

St Aloysius Church, Glasgow

In the early 1860s they purchased land in the Garnethill district, which, at that time, was on the western outskirts of the city and a residential area recently favoured by the wealthier classes.

St Mary's Church, Cheadle

There are windows in the sides of the chancel dating from the 1860s by Charles Gibbs, and windows elsewhere by Mayer of Munich.

Susan McFarland Parkhurst

Susan McFarland was born in Leicester, Massachusetts, and composed popular songs and parlour piano solos during the 1860s.

Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke

In his earlier research he was interested in angiosperms such as the genus Rosa and the species Drosera rotundifolia (common sundew), From the late 1860s, he focused on mycology, publishing significant works on the fungal class Pyrenomycetes.

Trelew

Trelew's foundation is linked with Welsh settlement in Argentina, the leaders of which were Captain Sir Love Jones-Parry of Madryn and Lewis (Luis) Jones, who acted as spokesmen to deal with the Argentine government in the beginning of the 1860s.

Tumbulgum

The Australian Red Cedar growing in the Tumbulgum area attracted timber-cutters from the 1840s and by the early 1860s a small community and river port had been established on the northern side of the Tweed River where it met the Rous.

Utocolor

It used the direct bleach-out method of color reproduction first proposed by Louis Ducos du Hauron and Charles Cros in the late 1860s and based on the fact that a substance can only be affected by exposure to light if it absorbs some of that light.

Warwick Furnace Farms

The furnace operated through the 1860s and supplied the iron used in the iron-clad ship the USS Monitor during the Civil War.

William Sethares

The source of these ratios, in the pattern of vibrations known as the harmonic series, was exposed by Joseph Sauveur the early 18th century and even more clearly by Helmholtz in the 1860s.


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