This new scandal, which involved Bayonne's Crédit municipal bank, exploded in December 1933.
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Although these leagues were not a new phenomenon (the old Ligue des Patriotes ("Patriot League") had been founded by Paul Déroulède in 1882), they played an important role following World War I, in particular when the left wing was in power, as it had been since the 1932 legislative elections.
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Opposing this view, other historians, such as Michel Dobry or Zeev Sternhell, considered them as being fully fascist leagues.
1934 | Suez Crisis | Cuban Missile Crisis | 1973 oil crisis | 1934 FIFA World Cup | United Kingdom general election, February 1974 | Cuban missile crisis | Iran hostage crisis | Final Crisis | Crisis on Infinite Earths | 1975 Australian constitutional crisis | February Revolution | International Crisis Group | 1997 Asian financial crisis | financial crisis | February 1974 | Earth Crisis | Congo Crisis | 1934 in film | 1934 in baseball | Infinite Crisis | Crisis | Berlin Crisis of 1961 | Communications Act of 1934 | China Crisis | The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934 film) | Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | Second Taiwan Strait Crisis | Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis | October Crisis |