Clarence Smedley Thomas, Cushing Stetson, and John F. Hubbard formed the ADS in August 1915 as a splinter group from the National Security League (NSL).
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John Higham, Strangers in the Land. New York: Atheneum, 1981.
The NSL did not comply, so a small group of urban professionals splintered from the NSL and created the American Defense Society.
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Clarence Smedley Thomas was a Progressive who founded the American Defense Society.
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