One possible explanation provided by the historian André Boulanger is that an increasing ‘willingness’ on the part of the wealthy upper classes in the late Roman period to spend money on local gentrification projects (which he terms euergetism, from the Greek verb εύεργετέω, (meaning 'I do good') was exploited by the local church to its advantage, which led to a mass gentrification of the urban centre and of the agricultural riches of the city’s territory.
On the ground floor of the museum are artifacts from ancient Amphipolis including a marble bust of a woman (4th century BC), a marble grave stela of an ephebe (5th century BC), a large gold finger ring and a gold olive wreath that were found in Macedonian Tomb 1 (3rd century BC), a headless marble statue of a woman wearing a peplos (1st century BC), and a portrait bust of the Roman empress Agrippina.
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The museum contains prehistoric artifacts found all over the Kavala regional unit such as in Neapolis (old Kavala), Amphipolis and places such as Oisyme, Galypsos, Dikili Tas, Tragilos, Mesembria, Nikisiani and Avdira.
Cimon also captured Eion on the Strymon from the Persian general Boges and established an Athenian colony nearby called Amphipolis with 10,000 settlers.