The Archduchy of Austria continued to exist as a constituent crown land (Kronland) within the empire, although it was divided into Upper and Lower Austria for some purposes.
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In the west, the Upper Austrian part bordered on the Duchy of Bavaria, whereby the historic Innviertel belonged to the Bavarian dukes until the 1779 Treaty of Teschen, as well as on the Archbishopric of Salzburg in the Salzkammergut region.
In 1249 the Moravian margrave Přemysl Ottokar II granted it together with the Lordship of Mikulov to the Austrian noble Henry I of Liechtenstein.
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In 1756 the ruling Archduchess of Austria Maria Teresia ordered that, Vienna fathom as well the multiplications or fractions of it should be the state defined measures of length in Archduchy of Austria and Kingdom of Hungary.
Nevertheless, when Maximilian's grandson Ferdinand I succeeded him as Archduke of Austria in 1521, his elder brother Emperor Emperor Charles V (1519–1556) appointed Mercurino Gattinara as "Grand Chancellor of all the realms and kingdoms of the king" (Großkanzler aller Länder und Königreiche).
Nevertheless Emperor Louis IV in the same year secretly promised the Carinthian duchy including the March of Carniola and large parts of Tyrol to the Austrian dukes Albert II and Otto the Merry from the House of Habsburg.
He was finally defeated in 1460 and had to sign the Treaty of Pusarnitz at episcopal Feldsberg Castle, whereby he renounced all Carinthian estates in favour of the Austrian House of Habsburg.
In the Georgenberg Pact of 1186 he had agreed that his lands should pass to Leopold V, the Babenberg Duke of Austria.
The prince-bishopric also ruled over large possessions within the Duchy of Carinthia, including the strategically important towns of Villach, Feldkirchen, Wolfsberg and Tarvisio at the transalpine road to Venice, as well as Kirchdorf an der Krems in the Archduchy of Austria.
While Albert retained the Archduchy of Austria, Leopold became the exclusive ruler of the Duchies of Styria (including the town of Wiener Neustadt), Carinthia, Carniola, the Windic march, the County of Gorizia and the Habsburgs' possessions in Friuli, Tyrol and Further Austria.