On 12 March 1678, he married Elizabeth Tollemache (daughter of Elizabeth and Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet of Helmingham) at Edinburgh, Scotland.
During his visit to Monck at Dalkeith in 1654 to complain of this, he was subjected to much personal insult from his creditors, and on visiting London in September 1655 to obtain money due to him from the Scottish parliament, he was arrested for debt, though soon liberated.
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In 1638, the king summoned him, together with Traquair and Roxburgh, to London, but he refused to be won over, warned Charles against his despotic ecclesiastical policy, and showed great hostility towards William Laud.
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Some of his speeches, including the one delivered on the scaffold, were published and are printed in the Harleian Miscellany.
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He transferred control over judicial and political appointments to the parliament, created Argyll a marquess in 1641, and returned home, having, in Clarendon's words, made a perfect deed of gift of that kingdom.
The historian Norman Macdougall suggests this clause may have been provoked by Argyll's kinship with Torquil MacLeod and MacLean of Duart.
The Duke established an estate at Whitton Park, Whitton in Middlesex in 1722 on land that had been enclosed some years earlier from Hounslow Heath.
He was the son of Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, and converted to Roman Catholicism, although in 1594 he had commanded royal troops in the Battle of Glenlivet against Catholic Rebels, especially the Gordons of Huntly.
Three years later he visited Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, and prayed with him on the day of his execution.
He was Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1722 to 1727, 1727 to 1734 and 1734–7; He was chief adviser of Lord Ilay's opponents.
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This committee was the ruling body of the Covenanters, comprising the Earl of Argyll, the Earls of Crawford and Tullibardine, the Lords of Elcho, Burleigh, and Balcarres (who had all been involved in recent defeats by Montrose), together with a number of Calvinist clergy.
His orders were subject to the approval of the "Committee of Estates", consisting of the Earls of Argyll, Crawford and Tullibardine, and the Lords Elcho, and Balfour of Burleigh, together with a number of Calvinist clergymen.
The lands of Duddingston were purchased by James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn (1712–1789), in 1745 from the Duke of Argyll.
In 1645, the castle served as a stopping-off point for the royalist army of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose during his campaign against the Covenanter forces of the Marquess of Argyll.
In the space of a few months the overturned Campbell control of hereditary MacDonald lands in Islay, Jura Colonsay and Kintyre, but fled to Ireland when Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll, led an army against them.
In 1835, Tshudpud Namgyal ceded Darjeeling to the HEIC for an annual fee, but this relation was broken off sharply after he seized two British scientists in Sikkim, Joseph Dalton Hooker and Archibald Campbell.