This species may be confused with the Bat Falcon (F. rufigularis) and the Orange-breasted Falcon (F. deiroleucus), which have similar white-black-rust patterns below, but those species are built more like Peregrine Falcons and have solidly blackish heads and darker rufous bellies.
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--See the decent RangeMap/maps,etc at: "www.natureserve.org"-"Permanent Resident",mostly--> It was long known as Falco fusco-coerulescens or Falco fuscocaerulescens, but these names are now believed to refer to the Bat Falcon (F. rufigularis).
The call of this species is a high pitched ke-ke-ke like American Kestrel.
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It is probably closely related to and looks like a small version of the Orange-breasted Falcon.
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It was long known as Falco albigularis; the name Falco fusco-coerulescens or Falco fuscocaerulescens, long used for the Aplomado Falcon, are now believed to refer to the present species.
It is probably closely related to and looks like a larger version of the Bat Falcon.
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The Orange-breasted Falcon has a similar plumage to the much smaller Bat Falcon and is generally considered most closely related to that species now.
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Large fish species and turtles are reported to take young grebes, and bird-eating raptors, including the Bat Falcon, have been observed taking adult birds.
Ornithologists variously described the New Zealand Falcon as an aberrant hobby or as allied to three South American species (F. deiroleucus, F. rufigularis and F. femoralis); however studies of feather proteins suggest a close tie with the Australian Brown Falcon.