Outside the city they defeated a northern English army led by Edwin, Earl of Mercia and his brother Morcar, Earl of Northumbria at the Battle of Fulford on 20 September.
However this was to be his last taste of victory, as his army was defeated shortly afterwards by the forces of King Harold Godwinson of England at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, in which Hardråda himself died.
The Norwegians would have been unlikely to be planning an invasion of Scotland in 1068 after their decisive defeat at Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 in Anglo-Saxon king Harold Godwinson's "swan-song" victory (Harold was defeated and killed at Hastings shortly afterwards)
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Some of the earliest surviving documents to mention the word Scotland include the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles of Abingdon, Worcester and Laud, written during the 11th Century, which state that prior to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066, Earl Tostig had sought refuge in Scotland under the protection of Malcolm III, King of Scots.