When President Woodrow Wilson ordered a draft, Salmon was one of a number of Americans to refuse to cooperate.
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The fledgling American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) eventually took up his case, and the tide of post-war public opinion favored the release of conscientious objectors.
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For example, Cardinal John Farley of New York remarked in 1918 that “criticism of the government irritates me. I consider it little short of treason...
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In this he suffered opposition from his church, whose de facto head in America, Archbishop of Baltimore had directed that all Catholics were to support the war.
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