After Henry's overthrow, it came into the possession of Count Simon of Tecklenburg and his descendants, though it was the source of many conflicts with the bishops.
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Klemens von Gruben, titular Bishop of Paros in Greece, was made vicar apostolic of Osnabrück, and as such cared for the spiritual interests of the Catholic population.
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Besides Cologne, Mainz and Trier the nuncios could wield their jurisdiction undisputedly for the prince-bishoprics of Hildesheim, Liège, Osnabrück, Paderborn, and Würzburg.
Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1478 – 14 May 1532 in Fürstenau) was from 1508 to 1532 prince-bishop of Paderborn and Osnabrück.
Count Franz von Waldeck (1491 – 15 July 1553), was Prince-Bishop of Münster, Osnabrück, and Minden and a leading figure in putting down the Münster Rebellion.
Henry III, Count of Schauenburg-Holstein (d. February 1421 in Bordesholm) was Bishop of Osnabrück as Henry I from 1402 to 1410, and also Count of Holstein-Rendsburg from 1404 until his death.
Windthorst was born at Kaldenhof manor in the present-day municipality of Ostercappeln, in the lands of the former Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück, which had been securalised to the Electorate of Hanover under the Protestant Welf dynasty in 1803.
Zangius was born in Woltersdorf, and became kapellmeister for Philipp Sigismund, Prince Bishop of Osnabrück and later John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg.
In 1277, Otto III concluded a secret alliance with Bishop Conrad III of Osnabrück, Bishop Everhard of Münster and Herford Abbey against the Lords of Lippe.