Apart from Diola, Mande, and Akan peoples, the Department is home to a patchwork of ethinc groups including the Nafaanra, Koulango, and Lobi.
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Prominent buildings include the house used by French explorer Binger, Samori's headquarters, the old market building which houses the "Bondoukou Museum of Art and Traditions" ("Musée des Arts et des Traditions"), and the Limamisso and Kamagaya mosques.
There are two principal varieties, distinct enough to be considered separate languages: the Kulango of Bondoukou (Bonduku), and that of Bouna (Buna).