Geologists like Émile Haug and Hans Stille saw the Caledonian orogeny as one of several episodic phases of mountain building that had occurred during the Earth's history.
Caledonian structures (folds and fractures) exposed in coastal cliffs.
Caledonian Railway | Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. | Variscan orogeny | Caledonian MacBrayne | Glasgow Caledonian University GAC | Caledonian F.C. | British Caledonian | Variscan Orogeny | New Caledonian Crow | Laramide orogeny | Caledonian Stadium | Caledonian orogeny | Alpine orogeny | Royal Caledonian School | New Caledonian Nouméa Accord referendum, 1998 | Kibaran orogeny | Glasgow Caledonian University | Eburnean orogeny | Caledonian Road | Caledonian Railway (Brechin) | Caledonian Mercury | Caledonian MacBrayne fleet | Caledonian Brewery | Cadomian Orogeny | Acadian orogeny |
Large-scale Devonian extension, for example, followed immediately after the end of the Caledonian orogeny particularly in East Greenland and western Norway.