A key element in the Polish view as the guardian of Christianity was the 1683 victory at Vienna against the Turks by John Sobieski III.
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One of them, Adam Mickiewicz, the foremost 19th century Polish romanticism poet wrote the patriotic drama Dziady (directed against the Russians) where he depicts Poland as the Christ of Nations.
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Mickiewicz had helped found a student society (the Philomaths) protesting the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and was exiled to central Russia as a result.
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Beginning in 1772 Poland suffered a series of partitions by it neighbors Austria, Prussia and Russia, that threatened it national existence.
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