Coastal management, the protection of the coast from the action of wind, wave and tide
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Coastal defence and fortification, the protection of the coast against military or naval attack
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The gun battery positions on Pulau Sejahat could have been intended to protect the stretch of waters between Changi and Pulau Tekong, so as to extend the coverage provided by the neighbouring coastal defence batteries.
The Polish Navy would support the coastal defence with 1 destroyer (ORP Wicher; 3 other destroyers had been evacuated from the Baltic Sea during Plan Peking), 1 heavy minelayer (ORP Gryf) and several submarines and smaller surface ships.
It consisted of small coastal defence craft such as motor launches, submarine chasers, air-sea rescue launches, motor gun boats and motor torpedo boats.
From 1918 to 1940 Estonia invested millions of kroons into the renovation and development of the coastal defence.
It was the first phase of ROKN's KDX program, in moving the ROK Navy from a coastal defence force to a blue-water navy.
In June, the British government sought permission from the Australian colonies to dispatch ships from the Australian Squadron to China with Naval Brigade reservists, who had been trained in both ship handling and soldiering to fulfil their coastal defence role.
Older ships were occasionally beached to provide a coastal defence platform, and during the Battle of France the British discovered effective anti-tank artillery in the form of the four-inch (102 mm) guns from destroyers tied up at the quays of Boulogne.
There were nine fortified installations and 20 coastal defence positions commanded from Kataoka Fortress.
In addition to reportedly providing the refurbished MI-25 helicopter gunships, Russia has also transferred to Syria the Buk-M2 air defense system, the Bastion coastal defence missile system, and Yak-130 combat jet trainer.
The district controls the 6th and 20th Guards Armies, formations and units of the Russian Airborne Troops (including the 76th Air Assault Division), and Baltic Fleet coastal defence units under Fleet HQ in Kaliningrad, as well as the 1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command of the Russian Air Force.