In 1872 the indigenous leader Calfucurá and his 6,000 followers attacked the cities of General Alvear, Veinticinco de Mayo and Nueve de Julio.
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April – Conquest of the Desert: Julio Argentino Roca begins his second sweep of the land up to the Rio Negro, aiming to "extinguish, subdue or expel" the Indians who inhabit the region.
The decision of planning and executing the Conquest of the Desert was probably triggered by the 1872 assault of Calfucurá and his 6,000 followers on the cities of General Alvear, Veinticinco de Mayo and Nueve de Julio, where 300 criollos were killed, and 200,000 heads of cattle taken.
The use of this trade route effectivelly ended with the Conquest of the Desert (1876-1878) carried out by the Argentine Army.
On the way they met an army contingent escorting Tehuelche prisoners to Valcheta, part of one of the last campaigns in the Conquest of the Desert.