It came into existence in Ireland in the 12th and 13th centuries and was continued by the Church of Ireland, the established church, from the time of the Tudor conquest.
The son of Charles and grandson of Sir Cormac MacCarthy who received English title to his lands towards the end of the 16th century Tudor conquest of Ireland, Donough MacCarthy came from the line of the MacCarthy of Muskerry dynasty based on the barony of Muskerry in what is now western county Cork.
However, this method was successful in some areas, notably in Thomond, where it was supported by the ruling O'Brien dynasty.
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Overall, the intention was to assimilate the Gaelic and Gaelicised upper classes and develop a loyalty on their part to the new crown; to this end, they were granted English titles and for the first time admitted to the Irish parliament.
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Initially it appeared that O'Neill supported a minor action against the Maguire clan that had ruled County Fermanagh.
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Brian O'Rourke (in Irish, Brian na Múrtha Ó Ruairc) (1540? – 1591), hereditary lord of West Bréifne in Ireland during the later stages of the Tudor conquest of that country, was proclaimed by the English as a rebel and became the first man extradited within Britain on allegations of crimes committed in Ireland.
In 1547 the assets of the parish were appropriated by the state church that was established following the English Reformation (more particularly the Tudor conquest of Ireland).