It is most common in patients of northern European ancestry, and is associated with the HLA-DQ2 haplotype along with celiac disease and gluten sensitivity.
HLA DR3-DQ2 is the serotypic representation of a HLA-DRB1:DQA1:DQB1
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With coeliac disease risk is increased with the consumption of Triticeae glutens, and this also increases risk in juvenile diabetes whereas other cereals also appear to play a role.
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The DR3-DQ2 haplotype is notable because of the very strong linkage between genes that extends into the HLA-A, -B and -C regions of the HLA gene complex in northern and northwestern Europe.
DQA1*0505, without DQ2, is found in a small percentage of coeliac disease (without DQ2 or DQ8).
The recognition of DQB1*0303 by DQ9 and or DQ3 is poorest, DQ2 which recognizes a different DQB1 subgroup recognizes DQB1*0303 as efficiently as DQ3.