In 1939, after intense lobbying by Frederick Russell Burnham and the Arizona Boy Scouts, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a proclamation to establish two desert areas in southwestern Arizona to help preserve the desert bighorn sheep: Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge and the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge.
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Common wildlife found in Arrow Canyon Wilderness include California myotis, yellow bat, western red bat, hoary bat, desert five-spot, desert tortoise, desert bighorn sheep, chuckwalla, cactus wren, canyon wren, rock wren, and ash-throated flycatcher.