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Recognized as a talented violinist and teacher, Marchitelli took the role of first violin in the most prestigious musical institutions in Naples: the Chapel Royal of Naples and the orchestra of the Teatro San Bartolomeo.
Charles wanted to endow Naples with a new and larger theatre to replace the old, dilapidated, and too-small Teatro San Bartolomeo of 1621, which had served the city well, especially after Scarlatti had moved there in 1682 and had begun to create an important opera centre which existed well into the 1700s.