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Since Fraser Darling's initial observation, the phenomenon has also been observed in Brewer's Blackbirds, European Herring Gulls, Black-headed Gulls, and gannets; however, other studies conducted since have not been able to confirm it in other various species of gulls.
On the marshes and tidal flats thousands of birds occur, such as Common redshank, Barnacle goose, Spoonbill, Hen harrier, Oystercatcher, red knot, Bar-tailed godwit, Curlew and European Herring Gull.
A study by the bird biologist Peter Rock, Europe's leading authority on urban gulls, into the rise of herring gulls and lesser black-backed gulls in Bristol has discovered that in 20 years the city's colony has grown from about 100 pairs to more than 1,200.