The failure of the Crusade caused an outpouring of anti-papal sentiment from the Occitan poet Guilhem Figueira.
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Occitan troubadours dealt especially with the Albigensian campaigns in the early thirteenth century, but there decline thereafter left the later Crusades—Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth—to be convered primarily by the German Minnesinger and French trouvères.
Louis was soon convinced by his brother Charles of Anjou to attack Tunis first, which would give them a strong base for attacking Egypt, the focus of Louis' previous crusade as well as the Fifth Crusade before him, both of which had been defeated there.
Guilhem attacked the papacy not only for the Albigensian Crusade and the cruel sack of Béziers, but also for the failures of the Fourth and Fifth Crusades, papal imperialism, and the moral failings of the clergy.
He came from an old line of country nobility; his direct ancestors had served in the Fifth Crusade against Egypt, and again in the Eighth Crusade of Saint Louis against Tunisia in 1270.