The cingulum or groove half way between the top and bottom of the organism's single cell is where the pair of flagella are situated.
Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues, but they reproduce by means of flagellated spores and gametes that closely resemble cells of other heterokonts.
Water is drawn in through fine holes near their base, the ostia, moved along by flagella and expelled from the osculi at the top, each osculum being a single exit formed from many fused ascon tubes.
The stator is the stationary part of a rotary system, found in electric generators, electric motors, sirens, or biological rotors.
On October 11, 2006, a reader, Chris Preedy, wrote a letter to The Times newspaper highlighting "scientific errors" on the Truth in Science website, including that the organization denies the evolution of bacterial flagellum.
Chitinimonas taiwanensis is a gram-negative, chitinolytic, catalase and oxidase-positiv motile bacterium with a single flagellum from the genus of Chitinimonas and the family of Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the surface water from a freshwater pond for shrimps (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Ping-Tung in Southern Taiwan.
Legionella gresilensis is a gram-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Legionella which was isolated from a shower from thermal spa water in France from the city Gréoux-les-Bains.
The MKS1 protein along with meckelin are part of the flagellar apparatus basal body proteome and are required for cilium formation.
It may thus be inferred that the polar organelle could be of importance in the supply and transfer of energy to the bidirectional molecular rotational motor situated at the base of each individual bacterial flagellum (see also Electrochemical gradient).