Thanks his father's social contacts in the court of the Tsar, in the summer of 1802 he accompanied the young Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859) and granddaughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, to the Thuringian cultural city of Weimar, where the Tsar's daughter two years later married Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1783-1853).
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In 1792 Albert married Eleanore, Baroness de Franquemont, (1771-1833) an illegitimate daughter of the reigning Duke of Württemberg by the Italian adventuress Anne Franchi.
Augustus was born on 13 July 1783 at Schloss Rastede near Oldenburg, to the then Prince Peter Frederick Louis of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Duchess Frederica of Württemberg, a daughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg.
After serving with Frederick the Great during the Seven Years' War, he lived at and managed his family's exclave of Montbéliard, originally inherited by marriage in 1397, until it was taken over by the short-lived Rauracian Republic in 1792 and then annexed by the French Republic in 1793.
At Wachau, during the Battle of Leipzig, his corps along with François Étienne de Kellermann's IV Cavalry Corps and the dragoons of the Guard charged the center of Duke of Württemberg.