Anna of Austria (1318–1343) was the youngest daughter of Frederick the Fair, of Austria and his wife, Isabella of Aragon.
When Catherine was six years of age, her father died; Catherine and four-year-old Agnes were placed under the guardianship of their paternal uncles, Frederick the Fair and Albert II, Duke of Austria.
Frederick's gracious return to captivity inspired Friedrich Schiller to write his poem Deutsche Treue ("German Loyalty") and Uhland to his tragedy Ludwig der Bayer ("Louis the Bavarian").
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Since the Pope and the prince-electors strongly objected to this agreement, another Treaty was signed at Ulm on 7 January 1326, according to which Frederick would govern Germany as King of the Romans, while Louis would be crowned Emperor by the "people of Rome" under Sciarra Colonna in 1328.
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Duke John II of Saxe-Lauenburg in turn sought to prevail against his cousin Duke Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg - which ultimately failed as the 1338 Declaration of Rhense and the Golden Bull of 1356 conclusively named the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg as electors.
Frederick the Fair (1289–1330), or Frederick I of Austria and Frederick III of Germany
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After the defeat of Albert's son Frederick the Fair at the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322, the Habsburg family was not able to regain the Imperial crown until the election of Albert II of Germany in 1438.