The Royal Family was evacuated from its residence in Colmar-Berg to the Grand Ducal palace in Luxembourg City.
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During the German occupation of 1940-1944, the Gauleiter Gustav Simon installed his headquarters in a wing of the building.
In September 1942, after taking part in the strike against the German occupation, he was deported together with seven other teachers to the Hinzert concentration camp where the inhuman conditions were to exert a profound influence on his work, calling for an ironic level of introspection.
During the German occupation of Luxembourg, he was forced to join the Wehrmacht but managed to desert.