Their group was itself expelled from the PSI later in 1921, leading to the creation of a United Socialist Party (PSU) - led by Turati, Kulischov, and Giacomo Matteotti in opposition to the emerging Fascism.
Deprived of resources, writers such as Turati, Anna Kulischov, Giacomo Matteotti, Claudio Treves, and Carlo Rosselli continued to defend the democratic order which was being swept swept away by the Fascists, and total censorship loomed.
Coming to power in 1922, after the March on Rome, it was a minority government until the 1923 Acerbo Law and the 1924 elections, and it took until 1925, after the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, to establish itself securely as a dictatorship.
On the other hand, other historians of the time, including Justin Pollard and Denis Mack Smith, thought Mussolini was probably aware of the assassination plot but that it was ordered and organized by someone else.
Giacomo Puccini | Giacomo Casanova | Giacomo Meyerbeer | Giacomo Manzù | Giacomo Balla | Giacomo Agostini | Giacomo Quarenghi | Giacomo Leopardi | Salvatore Di Giacomo | Laura San Giacomo | Giacomo Matteotti | Giacomo Leoni | Giacomo Manzoni | San Giacomo | Giovanni Giacomo Gastoldi | Gian Giacomo Medici | Giacomo Losi | Giacomo Finetti | Giacomo Facco | Giacomo Bulgarelli | Giacomo Bove | Giacomo | Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo | San Giacomo Filippo | Giuseppe Giacomo Gambino | Giacomo Vincenti | Giacomo Sannesio | Giacomo Rossi | Giacomo Raffaelli | Giacomo Pacchiarotti |
As a result of the division in the socialist movement between 'Maximalists' and Reformists, in 1922, with Turati, Giacomo Matteotti, and Treves founded the Partito Socialista Unitario (PSU).