The square features, albeit in a fictional context, in the third part of Neal Stephenson's Baroque Cycle, The System of the World.
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Golden Square also features in Charles Dickens' The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, as the square where Ralph Nickleby lives in a spacious house and has his "establishment".
Leading AFL player manager Ricky Nixon also started his playing career at Golden Square before playing VFL football with Carlton, St Kilda and Hawthorn.
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Other former VFL players to hail from Golden Square include Des Dickson, Ray Byrne, Tony Southcombe and Peter McConville.
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Golden Square Football Club has produced AFL stars such as Brownlow Medallist Greg Williams, Richmond stars Wayne Campbell and Nathan Brown, and former Fitzroy, Brisbane and Melbourne player Nick Carter.
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The critical change in Iraqi Jewish identity occurred after the violent Farhud or pogrom against the Jews of Baghdad, on June 1–2, 1941 following the collapse of the pro-Nazi Golden Square regime of Rashid Ali al-Kaylani.
Originally erected opposite the Mercat Cross, a statue of George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon, erected in 1844, was relocated to Golden Square in the 1950s.
On May 30, the British-organized force called Kingcol led by Brigadier J.J. Kingstone reached Baghdad, causing the "Golden Square" and their supporters to escape via Iran to Germany.