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The Spanish founded modern-day Quito and Guayaquil as part of the political administration era, which lasted until the War of Independence, the rise of Gran Colombia, and Simón Bolívar to the final separation of his vision into what is known today as the Republic of Ecuador.
Cartagena would eventually join with other provinces to create the Republic of Colombia under President Simón Bolívar, and was appointed in 1824 by Vice President Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña to serve as the 3rd Prefect Intendant of the Magdalena River and the Isthmus province, which now encompassed the former province of Cartagena as well as the provinces of Santa Marta, Riohacha, and the Isthmus.
The centralist structure that came to be in the Republic of New Granada after the disestablishment of Gran Colombia and that was ratified by the constitution of 1843, was soon challenged; particularly the provinces of Azuero, Chiriquí, Panamá, and Veraguas, who were demanding an autonomous status.
He contributed to the 1818 foundation of the weekly Correo del Orinoco, and negotiated Great Britain's recognition of Gran Colombia as an independent country.